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Distribution and migration of radionuclides in the Japanese terrestrial environment
https://repo.qst.go.jp/records/53543
https://repo.qst.go.jp/records/53543a404d78a-84c7-453d-aa6e-2564573369e2
| Item type | 会議発表論文 / Conference Paper(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2005-07-05 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Distribution and migration of radionuclides in the Japanese terrestrial environment | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | conference paper | |||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||
| アクセス権 | metadata only access | |||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | |||||
| 著者 |
Uchida, Shigeo
× Uchida, Shigeo× 内田 滋夫 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | Man-made radionuclides were released into the environment through nuclear weapons tests during the 1950's and 1960's. The maximum annual depositions of 90Sr and 137Cs were recorded in 1963, following the large-scale atmospheric thermonuclear tests conducted during 1961-1962. After that, the deposition of fallout radionuclides from the atmosphere decreased, however, most radionuclides which were deposited on land have been retained in surface layers of the soils. Under these circumstances, obtaining the migration rates of radionuclides in the surface soil layers and the transfer factors of the radionuclides from soils to crops are very important for radiation dose estimation. The dose estimation is usually made with the aid of mathematical models which involve model parameters expressing the transfer of radionuclides from one environmental compartment to another. For example, distribution coefficient (Kd) is used to predict the behavior of a radionuclide in a soil-water system. This coefficient is defined as 'the concentration of the radionuclide per unit weight of soil' divided by 'the concentration of the radionuclide per unit volume of solution at equilibrium.' Additionally, to estimate the transfer of the radionuclide from soil to crops through plant roots, transfer factor (TF) is generally used. The TF is defined as 'the concentration of the radionuclide in a plant organ at harvest' divided by 'the concentration of the radionuclide in dry soil.' Thus, in this presentation, the concentrations and the vertical distributions of fallout radionuclides in surface soils, and the transfer parameters collected in Japan, such as TF (specifically TF to rice) and Kd, are discussed. Since the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA], Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], and International Union of Radioecology [IUR] have paid special attention to safety assessments for people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions because any nuclear plant accident could affect not only on temperate regions where most nuclear power stations are now located, but also tropical and sub-tropical regions. Additionally, the potential risk of a nuclear plant accident will become higher in these equatorial regions, as these countries have plans to construct several nuclear power plants in the near future. Thus, in 1993, IAEA, FAO, and IUR started a project to collect transfer parameters in (sub-) tropical regions. Some results obtained from this project are also introduced. |
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| 書誌情報 |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Radioecology and Environmental Dosimetry p. 108-115, 発行日 2004-03 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | Institute for Environmental Sciences | |||||
