@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00086555,
 author = {Mamiko, Nishiuchi and Mamiko, Nishiuchi},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {Motivated by the development of next-generation heavy ion accelerators, we have been searching the efficient ion acceleration scheme by using short-pulse high intensity laser systems. Different from the light ion acceleration, heavy ion acceleration is more difficult because of an additional parameter to be controlled, ionization. Higher the ionization state, higher the acceleration efficiency. However, it is challenging to highly ionize heavy metals, such as gold or silver, as inner shell electrons are bounded in deep potential wells, i.e., a silver atom has an ionization potential Ip > 5 keV for its L-shell and ∼30 keV for its K-shell. The total ionization potential density of solid silver is Pion ∼ 1.3 peta-Pascal (PPa). A petawatt-class laser focused to an intensity I = 10^21 W/cm^2 has an energy density of 33 PPa. If we use petawatt-class laser light as a tool, we can in principle produce highly ionized heavy metal plasmas. We, therefore, used temporally controlled high intensity laser pulse from J-KAREN laser-system at KPSI in Japan, experimentally demonstrated generation of highly charged silver ions (Z∗ = 45±2) with energies of >20MeV/nucleon (>2.2 GeV) from submicron silver targets driven by a laser with intensity 5 × 10^21W/cm^2. By investigating the detail hybrid simulation which reproduced the experiments well, the dominating ionization mechanism for producing highly charged energeticsilver ions is clarified to be electron collisional ionization in the ~ 10 KeV high density silver plasma., US-Japan Seminar},
 title = {Highly charged energetic ion beam from high temperature high density plasma produced by temporally controlled short-pulse high intensity lasers},
 year = {2022}
}