@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00085379,
 author = {Nakajima, Madoka and Yamada, Shigeki and Miyajima, Masakazu and Ishii, Kazunari and Kuriyama, Nagato and Kazui, Hiroaki and Kanemoto, Hideki and Suehiro, Takashi and Yoshiyama, Kenji and Kameda, Masahiro and Kajimoto, Yoshinaga and Mase, Mitsuhito and Murai, Hisayuki and Kita, Daisuke and Kimura, Teruo and Samejima, Naoyuki and Tokuda, Takahiko and Kaijima, Mitsunobu and Akiba, Chihiro and Kawamura, Kaito and Atsuchi, Masamichi and Hirata, Yoshihumi and Matsumae, Mitsunori and Sasaki, Makoto and Yamashita, Fumio and Aoki, Shigeki and Irie, Ryusuke and Miyake, Hiroji and Kato, Takeo and Mori, Etsuro and Ishikawa, Masatsune and Date, Isao and Arai, Hajime and Takahiko, Tokuda},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Neurologia medico-chirurgica},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Among the various disorders that manifest with gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence in the elderly population, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is becoming of great importance. The first edition of these guidelines for management of iNPH was published in 2004, and the second edition in 2012, to provide a series of timely, evidence-based recommendations related to iNPH. Since the last edition, clinical awareness of iNPH has risen dramatically, and clinical and basic research efforts on iNPH have increased significantly. This third edition of the guidelines was made to share these ideas with the international community and to promote international research on iNPH. The revision of the guidelines was undertaken by a multidisciplinary expert working group of the Japanese Society of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in conjunction with the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare research project. This revision proposes a new classification for NPH. The category of iNPH is clearly distinguished from NPH with congenital/developmental and acquired etiologies. Additionally, the essential role of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) in the imaging diagnosis and decision for further management of iNPH is discussed in this edition. We created an algorithm for diagnosis and decision for shunt management. Diagnosis by biomarkers that distinguish prognosis has been also initiated. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of iNPH have entered a new phase. We hope that this third edition of the guidelines will help patients, their families, and healthcare professionals involved in treating iNPH.},
 pages = {63--97},
 title = {Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Third Edition): Endorsed by the Japanese Society of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.},
 volume = {61},
 year = {2021}
}