@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00084037,
 author = {Sato, Hiraku and Kasuya, Goro and Ishikawa, Hitoshi and Nomoto, Akihiro and Ono, Takashi and Nakajima, Mio and Isozaki, Yuka and Yamamoto, Naoyoshi and Iwai, Yuma and Nemoto, Kenji and Ichikawa, Tomohiko and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Hiraku, Sato and Goro, Kasuya and Hitoshi, Ishikawa and Akihiro, Nomoto and Takashi, Ono and Mio, Nakajima and Yuka, Isozaki and Naoyoshi, Yamamoto and Yuma, Iwai and Kenji, Nemoto and Ichikawa, Tomohiko and Hiroshi, Tsuji},
 issue = {9},
 journal = {Cancer science},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {There are no clinical reports of long-term follow-up after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) using a dose of 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer, or of a comparison of clinical outcomes between passive and scanning beam irradiation. A total of 256 patients with localized prostate cancer who received CIRT at a dose of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions using two different beam delivery techniques (passive [n = 45] and scanning [n = 211]), and who were followed for more than 1 year, were analyzed. The biochemical relapse-free (bRF) rate was defined by the Phoenix definition, and the actuarial toxicity rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Of the 256 patients, 41 (16.0%), 111 (43.4%), and 104 (40.6%) were classified as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively, after a median follow-up of 7.0 (range 1.1-10.4) years. Androgen deprivation therapy was performed in 212 patients (82.8%). The 5-year bRF rates of the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 95.1%, 90.9%, and 91.1%, respectively. The 5-year rates of grade 2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities in all patients were 0.4% and 6.3%, respectively. No grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. There were no significant differences in the rates of bRF or grade 2 toxicities in patients who received passive irradiation versus scanning irradiation. Our long-term follow-up results showed that a CIRT regimen of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer yielded a good therapeutic outcome and low toxicity rates irrespective of the beam delivery technique.},
 pages = {3598--3606},
 title = {Long-term clinical outcomes after 12-fractionated carbon-ion radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer},
 volume = {112},
 year = {2021}
}