@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00083882,
 author = {Abe, Tomoko and Ichida, Hiroyuki and Hayashi, Yoriko and Morita, Ryouhei and Shirakawa, Yuki and Kotaro, Ishii and Sato, Tadashi and Saito, Hiroki and Okumoto, Yutaka and Kotaro, Ishii},
 journal = {Ion Beam Mutagenesis - an Innovative and Effective Method for Plant Breeding and Gene Discovery},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {We  have  developed  a  unique  technology  for  mutation  induction  of   plants  using  energetic  ion  beams  at  the  RI  Beam Factory (RIBF) of  Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN) (Institute of  Physical and Chemical Research). Ion beams 
effectively induce mutations at relatively low doses without severely inhibiting growth. The irradiation treatment can be given to various plant materials and mutation can be induced in a short time, between seconds and a few minutes. The linear energy transfer (LET) of  ions depends on the nuclide and velocity. Since LET value affects the mutation frequency, it is an important parameter to determine the most effective irradiation condition in mutagenesis. We determined the most effective dose in each LET for mutation induction in imbibed rice seeds. Subsequently,  we  analysed  the  mutated  DNA  responsible  for  the  phenotype  in  morphological  mutants.  Most  of   the  
mutations  were  small  deletions  of   less  than  100  bp.  Irradiations  of   C-ions  and  Ne-ions  are  effective  for  plant  breeding because of  the very high mutation rate and sufficient energy to disrupt a single gene. On the other hand, all mutations  induced by Ar-ion (290 keV/μm) irradiation were large deletions ranging from 176 bp to approximately 620 kb. The average number of  mutations in the target exon regions was 7.3, 8.5 and 4.3 per M3 mutant 
plant in C-ions, Ne-ions and Ar-ions, respectively. The number of  mutations induced by heavy-ion irradiation was relatively  small.  We  could  identify  six  responsible  genes  for  eight  mutants  induced  by  C-ion  and  Ne-ion  irradiations and two responsible genes for four mutants induced by Ar-ion irradiation. Three of  these were genes not previously   described.},
 title = {Ion Beam Mutagenesis - an Innovative and Effective Method for Plant Breeding and Gene Discovery},
 year = {2021}
}