@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00082818,
 author = {Zhao, Yue and Kimio, Yoshimura and Toshinori, Motegi and Akihiro, Hiroki and Radulescu, Aurel and Yasunari, Maekawa and Zhao, Yue and Kimio, Yoshimura and Toshinori, Motegi and Akihiro, Hiroki and Yasunari, Maekawa},
 issue = {9},
 journal = {Macromolecules},
 month = {May},
 note = {A fully hydrated Nafion membrane is generally treated as a three-component system comprising the tetrafluoroethylene-like main-chain, the fluorinated side-chain ending with a sulfonic acid group, and absorbed water. We applied the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering technique to decompose the scattering intensity profiles to partial scattering functions (PSFs) of each component in Nafion quantitatively. In the large-scale (>30 nm), structural heterogeneities were observed in the main- and side-chain domains but not in water domains. In the middle-scale (5  30 nm), bicontinuous-like structure of crystalline and amorphous phases with a mean separation distance of 11 nm was observed, as a result of the main-chain semicrystalline templating effect. In the small-scale (<5 nm), another bicontinuous-like structure exists in the amorphous phase with a mean separation distance of about 4 nm, indicating a well-connected water network responsible for the good membrane conductivity. Cross-term analysis of PSFs for two components suggested the location of each component in that the main-chain domains tend to phase-separate from either the side-chain or water domains, but the side-chain and water domains are closely attached through sulfonic acid groups.},
 pages = {4128--4135},
 title = {Three-Component Domains in the Fully Hydrated Nafion Membrane Characterized by Partial Scattering Function Analysis},
 volume = {54},
 year = {2021}
}