@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00082336,
 author = {Ebner, Daniel and J. Frank, Steven and Taku, Inaniwa and Shigeru, Yamada and Toshiyuki, Shirai and Ebner, Daniel and Taku, Inaniwa and Shigeru, Yamada and Toshiyuki, Shirai},
 journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Research into high linear energy transfer (LET) radiotherapy now spans over half a century, beginning with helium and deuteron treatment in 1952 and today ranging from fast neutrons to carbon-ions. Owing to pioneering work initially in the United States and thereafter in Germany and Japan, increasing focus is on the carbon-ion beam: 12 centers are in operation, with five under construction and three in planning. While the carbon-ion beam has demonstrated unique and promising suitability in laboratory and clinical trials toward the hypofractionated treatment of hypoxic and/or radioresistant cancer, substantial developmental potential remains. Perhaps most notable is the ability to paint LET in a tumor, theoretically better focusing damage delivery within the most resistant areas. However, the technique may be limited in practice by the physical properties of the beams themselves. A heavy-ion synchrotron may provide irradiation with multiple heavy-ions: carbon, helium, and oxygen are prime candidates. Each ion varies in LET distribution, and so a methodology combining the use of multiple ions into a uniform LET distribution within a tumor may allow for even greater treatment potential in radioresistant cancer.},
 title = {The Emerging Potential of Multi-Ion Radiotherapy},
 volume = {11},
 year = {2021}
}