@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00079153,
 author = {Inaniwa, Taku and Inaniwa, Taku},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {In the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), carbon-ion radiotherapy has been conducted since 1994 using the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, HIMAC.
During the past 25 years, the carbon-ion radiotherapy has been applied to various tumours, and the optimum dose-fractionation protocols have been developed for these tumours through dose-escalation clinical trials [1, 2]. To date, more than 12,000 patients have been treated with the HIMAC. Besides the clinical studies, various physical studies have been conducted to develop new treatment methods/devices such a respiratory-gating [3], a layer-stacking [4], a 3D pencil beam scanning, and a superconducting rotating gantry [5]. 
For further development of charged-particle therapy, the NIRS initiated a new research project referred to as a "Quantum Scalpel". The Quantum Scalpel is mainly composed of two research topics. First topic is downsizing and cost reduction of the treatment facility.
By combining the high power laser and superconducting magnet technologies, the facility size will be reduced to -1/6 of the HIMAC, i.e., 20×10 m2. The second topic is to maximize the clinical effects and to minimize the treatment period. For this, we are developing a hypo-fractionated multi-ion radiotherapy (HFMIT) in which several ion species are delivered in one treatment session to optimize the dose and linear energy transfer (LET) distributions simultaneously [6]. The clinical trials of the HFMIT will be started at 2022 following series of commissioning tests. Emerging technologies such as immunotherapy, magneto-particle therapy [7], and FLASH radiotherapy have showed enhanced novel effects with charged-particle beams. All of these technologies are now under investigations in the NIRS., International Biophysics Collaboration Executive Committee Meeting},
 title = {Nuclear applied physics and biophysics at HIMAC},
 year = {2020}
}