{"created":"2023-05-15T14:57:35.470649+00:00","id":78161,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"354a7bed-3903-44fe-b45d-4788c7289e71"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"78161","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"78161"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00078161","sets":["10:27"]},"author_link":["816405","816404"],"item_10005_date_7":{"attribute_name":"発表年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"2019-09-10","subitem_date_issued_type":"Issued"}]},"item_10005_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The brain size of humans (Homo sapiens) has increased dramatically during the evolution of Homo. As a result, modern human brains are more than three times larger than the brains of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) (Deacon 1997; Gould 1977; Leigh 2004; Vinicius 2005).\n\nElucidating the similarities and differences between humans and non-human primates in phylogenetic and ontogenetic mechanism underlying brain structure is important to understand the remarkable brain enlargement in humans. Furthermore, these biological insights will provide important clues to clarify the substrates of brain functions and mental developmental disorders seen in human such as autism disorder, learning disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. \n\nOver the past century, studies of comparative primate morphology on a number of preserved brain samples led to the proposal that prolongation of the high fetal developmental rate after birth (Armstrong and Falk 1982; Count 1947; Holt et al. 1975) and extension of the juvenile period (Vinicius 2005; Vrba 1998) were essential to promote the remarkable brain enlargement of humans and the emergence of human-specific cognitive and behavioral traits.\n\nHowever, the underlying phylogenetic and ontogenetic process governing the brain enlargement observed in humans remains unclear, because the developmental trajectory of the brain has not been explored in our closest living primate relatives, the chimpanzees. \n\nTo address the above difficulty and uncover empirical evidence for the remarkable enlargement of the human brain, we tracked the development of the cerebral tissues in growing chimpanzees from fetal period to the juvenile period using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound scanning and compared these results with previously recorded data from humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). \n\nOur results reveal common features of the developmental trajectory of brain tissues among primates, common features between hominoids (humans and chimpanzees), as well as unique features of humans. In this talk, I will demonstrate representative five topics about our comparative imaging studies of brain development among humans and non-human primates (Tomoko Sakai et al. 2011; T. Sakai et al. 2012; T. Sakai et al. 2013; T. Sakai et al. 2017; T. Sakai et al. 2018). \n\nFinally, I will present our ongoing comparative primate MRI study by combing high-field MRI and cutting-edge computational neuroanatomy. This novel approach will enable us to comprehensively clarify the evolutionary similarities and differences in cortical and subcortical structure during evolution from non-human primates to the human lineage. This effort will increase our understanding of human brain circuitry and function and may ultimately contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of human mental disorders.\n\nReferences:\nArmstrong, E. and Falk, D. (1982), Primate brain evolution: Methods and concepts (Plenum Publishing Corporation).\nCount, E. W. (1947), 'Brain and Body Weight in Man - Their Antecedents in Growth and Evolution - a Study in Dynamic Somatometry', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 46 (10), 993-1122.\nDeacon, W. Terrence (1997), The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain (New York: W. W. Norton & Company) 527.\nGould, Stephen Jay (1977), Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press).\nHolt, B., et al. (1975), Brain size and the relation of the primate to the nonprimate, ed. D.B.Cheek (Fetal and postnatal cellular growth: hormones and nutrition; New York: John Wiley).\nLeigh, S. R. (2004), 'Brain growth, life history, and cognition in primate and human evolution', American Journal of Primatology, 62 (3), 139-64.\nSakai, T., et al. (2012), 'Fetal brain development in chimpanzees versus humans', Current Biology, 22 (18), R791-2.\nSakai, T., et al. (2017), 'Developmental trajectory of the corpus callosum from infancy to the juvenile stage: Comparative MRI between chimpanzees and humans', Plos One, 12 (6).\nSakai, T., et al. (2013), 'Developmental patterns of chimpanzee cerebral tissues provide important clues for understanding the remarkable enlargement of the human brain', Proc Biol Sci, 280 (1753), 20122398.\nSakai, T., et al. (2018), 'The Japan Monkey Centre Primates Brain Imaging Repository for comparative neuroscience: an archive of digital records including records for endangered species', Primates, 59 (6), 553-70.\nSakai, Tomoko, et al. (2011), 'Differential Prefrontal White Matter Development in Chimpanzees and Humans', Current Biology, 21 (16), 1397-402.\nVinicius, L. (2005), 'Human encephalization and developmental timing', Journal of Human Evolution, 49 (6), 762-76.\nVrba, E. S. (1998), 'Multiphasic growth models and the evolution of prolonged growth exemplified by human brain evolution', Journal of Theoretical Biology, 190 (3), 227-39.\n\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10005_description_6":{"attribute_name":"会議概要（会議名, 開催地, 会期, 主催者等）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Department of Experimental Psychology Seminar, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Imaging, University of Oxford","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"metadata only access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sakai, Tomoko"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"816404","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sakai, Tomoko","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"816405","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"conference object","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94f"}]},"item_title":"Mapping Evolution and Development of the Primate Brain by Neuroimaging Techniques","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Mapping Evolution and Development of the Primate Brain by Neuroimaging Techniques"}]},"item_type_id":"10005","owner":"1","path":["27"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-12-20"},"publish_date":"2019-12-20","publish_status":"0","recid":"78161","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Mapping Evolution and Development of the Primate Brain by Neuroimaging Techniques"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T23:26:01.955667+00:00"}