@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00076685,
 author = {Haryani Zabaruddin, Nur and Hasimah Mohamed, Nor and Chuah Abdullah, Luqman and Tamada, Masao and Ueki, Yuuji and Seko, Noriaki and Shean Yaw Choong, Thomas and Tamada, Masao and Ueki, Yuuji and Seko, Noriaki},
 journal = {Industrial Crops and Products},
 month = {May},
 note = {An efficient bio-based heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production was successfully fabricated by radiation-induced graft polymerization of 4-vinylbenzylchloride (VBC) followed by quaternary amination of trimethylamine (TMA) and ion-exchange with aqueous sodium hydroxide onto kenaf bast fiber using electron beam irradiation at a dose of 150 kGy. The produced catalyst was characterized by FESEM–EDX, CHNS, ATR-FTIR, TGA and XRD analyses. In this study, the continuous catalytic transesterification of triolein/ethanol in a bench-scale packed bed reactor (PBR) was designed and tested. The reaction process was focused at room temperature, different residence times from 1 min to 4 min and a molar ratio of triolein/ethanol (1:50). Besides, study on the transesterification of palm oil with ethanol under optimized conditions for maximum conversion of triolein to ethyl oleate (residence time of 3 min, LHSV = 8 h^−1, short chain 150kGy catalyst) with temperature fixed at room temperature (˜25 °C) has been carried out. The extracted ethyl oleate was analyzed by HPLC and ATR-FTIR. The results found that the continuous flow system has a great potential for producing ethyl ester to be used as biodiesel and it is possible to generate 100% biodiesel with high purity from palm oil using radiation-induced kenaf catalyst.},
 pages = {102--109},
 title = {Palm oil-based biodiesel synthesis by radiation-induced kenaf catalyst packed in a continuous flow system},
 volume = {136},
 year = {2019}
}