@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00076220,
 author = {Seiichi, Yamamoto (Nagoya Univ.) and Yamaguchi, Mitsutaka and Takashi, Akagi (Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center) and Makoto, Sasano (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.) and Kawachi, Naoki and Yamaguchi, Mitsutaka and Kawachi, Naoki},
 issue = {13},
 journal = {Physics Medicine Biology},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {Low-energy X-ray imaging of the secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray emitted during carbon-ion irradiation is a promising method for range estimation. However, it remains unclear whether the method can be used for imaging with the clinical dose levels of carbon-ion and whether the bremsstrahlung X-ray can be detected from the deeper part of the body. To clarify these points, we developed a new high resolution low-energy X-ray camera and conducted imaging of the secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray during the irradiation of carbon-ions of different energies and intensities. Imaging was also tried with an X-ray camera using a human-head-sized, 17-cm diameter cylindrical phantom. To develop a high resolution imaging detector for a low-energy X-ray, we used a 20 × 20 × 0.5 mm thick cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite, YA1O3 (YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate, which was optically coupled to a 25mm square high quantum efficiency (HQE) type position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). The imaging detector was encased in a 2 cm thick tungsten container and a pinhole collimator was attached to its camera head. After evaluating the camera’s performance, secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray imaging was tried during irradiation of the carbon-ion and compared the results with a Monte Carlo simulation. We imaged the beam tracks by the secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray in real-time during irradiation of the carbon-ion and imaging and range estimation were possible even with near clinical dose level of 7.5 × 108 particles of carbon-ion. Clear images of a secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray were also obtained for a 17-cm diameter cylindrical phantom. The measured images were good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation. We confirmed that our developed YAP(Ce) camera is promising for imaging secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-rays during irradiation of carbon-ions even near clinical conditions.},
 pages = {135019-1--135019-15},
 title = {Development of a YAP(Ce) camera for the imaging of secondary electron bremsstrahlung X-ray emitted during carbon-ion irradiation toward the use of clinical conditions},
 volume = {64},
 year = {2019}
}