@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00075865,
 author = {Okonogi, Noriyuki and Kaminuma, Takuya and Okimoto, Tomoaki and Shinoto, Makoto and Yamamoto, Naoyoshi and Yamada, Shigeru and Murata, Kazutoshi and Ohno, Tatsuya and Shioyama, Yoshiyuki and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Nakano, Takashi and Kamada, Tadashi and Okonogi, Noriyuki and Kaminuma, Takuya and Okimoto, Tomoaki and Shinoto, Makoto and Yamamoto, Naoyoshi and Yamada, Shigeru and Murata, Kazutoshi and Ohno, Tatsuya and Shioyama, Yoshiyuki and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Nakano, Takashi and Kamada, Tadashi},
 issue = {9},
 journal = {International journal of clinical oncology},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Background: The efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for lymph node (LN) oligo-recurrence has only been evaluated in limited single-center studies. We aimed to investigate the benefit of C-ion RT for LN oligo-recurrence in a large
multi-center study.
Methods: Patients who received C-ion RT between December 1996 and December 2015 at 4 participating facilities and who met the following eligibility criteria were included: (i) histological or clinical diagnosis of LN recurrence; (ii) controlled primary
lesion; (iii) no recurrence other than LN; (iv) LN recurrence involved in a single  lymphatic site; and (v) age ≥ 20 years.
Results: A total of 323 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up period was 34 months for surviving patients. The most common dose fractionation of C-ion RT was 48.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 12 fractions. Forty-seven patients
had a history of RT at the recurrent site. The 2-year local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates after C-ion RT were 85% and 63%, respectively. Only 1 patient developed grade-3 toxicity. Factors such as LN diameter, histology, and history of
previous RT did not correlate with LC. Smaller diameters (< 30 mm) and numbers (≤ 3) of LN metastases as well as longer disease-free intervals post-primary therapy (≥ 16 months) were associated with significantly better OS.
Conclusions: C-ion RT for LN oligo-recurrence appeared to be effective and safe. C-ion RT may provide a survival benefit to patients with LN oligo-recurrence, particularly to those with few LN metastases, smaller LN diameters, and longer disease-free intervals.},
 pages = {1143--1150},
 title = {Carbon-ion radiotherapy for lymph node oligo-recurrence: a multi-institutional study by the Japan Carbon-Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group (J-CROS).},
 volume = {24},
 year = {2019}
}