@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00075751,
 author = {Akram, Mohammadi and 田久, 創大 and 錦戸, 文彦 and 吉田, 英治 and Shimizu, Keiji and Sakai, Toshiaki and 山谷, 泰賀 and Mohammadi, Akram and Takyu, Sodai and Nishikido, Fumihiko and Yoshida, Eiji and Yamaya, Taiga},
 journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {The quality and uniformity of positron emission tomography (PET) images can be improved significantly using a PET scanner, which has both time-of-flight (TOF) and depth-of-interaction (DOI) capabilities. We have already developed a DOI dual-end detector using segmented crystal bars by applying a subsurface laser engraving (SSLE) technique, and the DOI was determined by the ratio of the detected light between two readouts using the Anger calculation. In this study, we investigated the influence of the number of DOI segments on the performance of DOI identification and the coincidence timing performance of the detector. The detector consisted of a single lutetium fine silicate (LFS) crystal bar (3×3×20 mm3) with various numbers of DOI segments that were made by applying the SSLE technique and Hamamatsu silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) modules. The maximum number of DOI segments was six, and the SiPM module included one hundred forty four 4 mm × 4 mm SiPM readouts. The coincidence resolving time (CRT) of each DOI segment was obtained from the side irradiation of the dual-end detector. All DOI segments of the detector with 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 DOI segments were clearly identified, and average energy resolutions of 9.8 ± 0.5% and 12.5 ± 1.4% were obtained at the 511 keV photo peak for the detectors with 2 DOI and 6 DOI segments, respectively. The minimum and maximum estimated CRT of 180 ± 6 ps and 236 ± 6 ps were obtained for the detectors with 2 DOI and 6 DOI
segments, respectively. Insignificant differences were observed between the CRT values of different segments of one detector. Greater CRT values were obtained for detectors with larger DOIs. The results of this study prove that there is a high potential for segmented crystal bars using the SSLE technique as a good candidate for PET scanners with TOF and DOI capabilities, which can significantly improve the quality of PET images.},
 pages = {236--241},
 title = {Development of a dual-end detector with TOF and DOI capabilities using crystal bars segmented by subsurface laser engraving},
 volume = {931},
 year = {2019}
}