@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00070397,
 author = {Oonishi, Kazuhiko and Imada, Hiroshi and Yasuda, Shigeo and Yamada, Shigeru and Shinoto, Makoto and Kamada, Tadashi and Yokosuka, Osamu and 大西 和彦 and 今田 浩史 and 安田 茂雄 and 山田 滋 and 篠藤 誠 and 鎌田 正 and 横須賀 収},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Purpose: Since 1995, carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) has been performed for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and clinical trials were initiated at the National Institute of Radiological Science. Even though the early detection has progressed, HCC that exceeds 5cm exists in no small way. This time, we compared the treatment results in terms of tumor size.
Materials and methods: The study consisted of 69 patients undergoing C-ion RT of 52.8GyE in four fractions between April 2000 and March 2003. We divided into two groups (more than 5cm or not) and compared local control, survival, and adverse events between the two groups.
Results: The enrolled patients consisted of 52 males and 17 females. Median age was 69 years (range, 37-84). Median maximum tumor diameter was 4.0cm, 5cm or less was 53 examples, 5-10cm was 14 examples, and 10-15cm was 2 examples. When the patients divided into two groups according to tumor size (≤5cm vs. >5cm), there were no significant differences in late liver toxicity. No hepatic failure resulting from the therapy and no treatment-related death occurred. The 5-year local tumor control rates were 94% in two groups. The overall 5-year survival rate was 36% (≤5cm) and 13% (>5cm). There were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.162).
Conclusions: The 5-year local control rate was 94% in two groups (≤5cm vs. >5cm) and the effectiveness of the C-ion RT as the local treatment was shown. Short-course C-ion RT appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for HCC regardless of tumor size., The 21st Conference of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver},
 title = {Outcomes after short-course carbon ion radiotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to tumor size},
 year = {2011}
}