@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00070236,
 author = {Takuwa, Hiroyuki and Masamoto, Kazuto and Joonas, Autio and Obata, Takayuki and Kanno, Iwao and 田桑 弘之 and 正本 和人 and ヨーナス オーティオ and 小畠 隆行 and 菅野 巖},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Background: It is necessary to track the longitudinal effects of neurovascular coupling and pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in the same single animal. However, stability and reproducibility of vascular response in repeated longitudinal experiments remain undetermined specifically in awake mice whose behavioral activity is daily variable. We therefore focused on the behavior and its effect on the cerebral hemodynamics during spontaneous and stimulation-induced changes.  
Materials and Methods: We used custom-made apparatus which consisted of a styrofoam ball floated by air, and a metal rod to hold a head plate. This allows for the animal to walk on the ball, while the head was securely fixed with the apparatus. A total of fifteen male C57BL/6J mice were prepared for the experiments. The head plate was attached to the animal skull. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in the somatosensory cortex with laser-Doppler flowmetry, whereas animal locomotion was monitored with optical motion sensor that detects a rotation distance of the ball. Whisker stimulation (frequency 10 Hz and duration 20 sec) to the contra-lateral side of the measurement site was induced to evoke neural activity at the measurement site. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of locomotion on CBF measurement, i.e. i) Stimulation-induced CBF response and locomotion were compared between daytime and nighttime, ii) Longitudinal CBF and locomotion were measured over seven days.
Results and Discussion: The comparison between daytime and nighttime measurements showed no significant differences in CBF response (24% and 23% relative to baseline, respectively), but 22% higher locomotion under nighttime. Longitudinal measurements showed consistent CBF response in spite of day-to- day variations in locomotion. These results indicated that CBF measurement is stable and reproducible. In conclusion, we developed a feasible method to allow the chronic experiment of cerebral hemodynamics with awake mice., 2010 World Molecular Imaging Congress},
 title = {Longitudinal optical measurement of cerebral hemodynamics in awake mice.},
 year = {2010}
}