@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00067768,
 author = {Fuma, Shoichi and Takeda, Hiroshi and Takaku, Yuichi and Hisamatsu, Shun\\'ichi and Kawabata, Zenichiro and 府馬 正一 and 武田 洋},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {Dysprosium (Dy) is one of rare earth elements used in advanced industries. The authors investigated effects of Dy on the cell densities in the aquatic microcosm consisting of flagellate algae Euglena gracilis as a producer, ciliate protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila as a consumer and bacteria Escherichia coli as a decomposer. At 0.1 mM Dy, no significant effect was observed. At 0.18 mM, the cell density of E. coli significantly decreased compared with controls, but recovered to the control level later. At 0.3 mM, E. coli died out. At 0.56 mM, T. thermophila and E. coli died out. At 1 mM, all species died out. This toxicity of Dy to the microcosm was similar to that of gadolinium, slightly lower than that of copper and nickel, and much higher than that of manganese. Some effects observed in the microcosm were different from those observed in the pure-culture systems. The authors will also discuss relationships between effects observed in the microcosm and speciation of Dy., SETAC Europe 14th Annual Meeting},
 title = {Effects of dysprosium on the microbial microcosm},
 year = {2004}
}