@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00065824,
 author = {Yamada, Shigeru and 山田 滋},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {In the past 20 years, more than 9,021 patients were treated with Carbon Ion Radiotherapy (C-ion RT) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). As compared to photon beams, carbon ion beams offer improved dose distribution in cancer radiotherapy, enabling us to concentrate the sufficient dose within a target volume while minimizing the dose in the surrounding normal tissues. In addition, carbon ions being heavier than protons provide a higher biological effectiveness, which increases with depth reaching the maximum at the end of the beam's range. This is practically an ideal property from the standpoint of cancer radiotherapy. Almost 51 protocol studies (Phase I/II and Phase II) have been performed to investigate optimal irradiation techniques, dose fractionation, and to find indications for C-ion RT. The benefit of C-ion RT over other modalities has been demonstrated for various tumor sites in terms of high local control and survival benefit in many photon resistant advanced tumors such as advanced head & neck cancers, inoperable sarcoma, pelvic recurrent rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, as well as significant reduction in overall treatment time with acceptable toxicities has been demonstrated in lung cancer (single irradiation), liver cancer (two fractions) and high risk prostate cancer (12 fractions). Carbon ion radiotherapy very well improved tumor control and survival rate of Liver, Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer and Pancreas Cancer with acceptable morbidity in the surrounding normal tissues. These results will be introduced at this lecture., The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015(Pacifichem 2015)},
 title = {Carbon-ion Therapy for patients with Liver, Pancreatic and Colorectal cancer},
 year = {2015}
}