@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00065790,
 author = {Yamanaka, Ko and Hori, Yukiko and Minamimoto, Takafumi and et.al and 堀 由紀子 and 南本 敬史},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {The centromedian nucleus (CM) of thalamus receives both basal ganglia outputs and saliency signals from brain stem and superior colliculus, and sends its outputs mainly to the striatum and the cerebral cortex. This makes internal loops of the basal ganglia in contrast to the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical external loops. The internal loops are, thus, suitable for involvement in the processes of action selection in two separate modes: one triggered by salient events such as attention and the other guided by action value signals conveyed through the basal ganglia outputs. Previously, we showed that a class of CM neurons with multi-sensory responses at a long latency (LLF type) exhibit selective activation when an unexpected action is requested while an expected action is withheld, suggesting involvement in cancel-out of pre-existing reward expectation and action switching. In this study, we focused on other types of neurons in the CM thalamus. We recorded single neuron activities in the CM while macaque monkeys performed forced choice button-press tasks between spatially separated two options with asymmetrical reward amount. CM neurons were classified into 3 types; long-latency facilitation (LLF, n = 30), short-latency facilitation (SLF, n = 6) and non-sensory (NS, n = 80). NS neurons did not show phasic activation after task events, but gradually increased discharges toward GO signal of actions. The activity of many NS neurons showed selectivity to reward value, direction of action or reaction time. On the other hand, SLF neurons exhibited phasic activation to both reward cue and GO signal at a short latency, and consistent with previous studies, LLF neurons showed selective activation when an unexpected action is required. The results suggested that NS neurons in the CM may play major roles in value-based action selection receiving basal ganglia outputs while LLF and SLF neurons may participate in salient event-guided action selection., 第35回日本神経科学大会（Neuro2012）},
 title = {Role of non-sensory type neurons of the centromedian nucleus of thalamus in action selection},
 year = {2012}
}