@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00064459,
 author = {Tsujii, Hirohiko and 辻井 博彦},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {As compared to photon beams, carbon ion beams offer improved dose distributions in cancer radiotherapy, thus enabling dose concentration within a target volume while minimizing the dose in the surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, carbon ions being heavier than protons provide a higher biological effectiveness, which increases with depth, reaching the maximum at the end of the beam's range. This is an ideal property from the standpoint of cancer radiotherapy. At the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), the pioneer clinical study on carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) was started in 1994 using carbon ions generated by Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). So far, more than 6,000 patients have been treated, where the benefit of C-ion RT over other modalities has been demonstrated for various tumor sites in terms of high local control and survival rates, as well as significant reduction in overall treatment time with acceptable toxicities in most cases. Efficacy of C-ion RT has been also demonstrated in other facilities in the world., 2nd NIRS-ETOILE Joint Symposium on Carbon Ion Radiotherapy},
 title = {Current Status of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Japan},
 year = {2011}
}