@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00064116,
 author = {Imai, Reiko and Kamada, Tadashi and Imaizumi, Takeshi and Matsunobu, Akira and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Tsujii, Hirohiko and 今井 礼子 and 鎌田 正 and 今泉 猛 and 松延 亮 and 辻 比呂志 and 辻井 博彦},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Purpose: Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent primary malignant bone tumor. Surgery has been considered as the main form of treatment for chondrosarcoma, and the definitive en bloc resection of tumor is mandatory to obtain long term disease free survival. However, radical surgical intervention has been associated with substantial morbidities. Due to the high linear energy transfer (LET) and the Bragg peak, carbon ion radiotherapy has been expected to be more effective and safe in the treatment for sarcomas than low-LET radiation like photons. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with chondrosarcoma not suitable for surgical resection.
Methods: From 1996 to 2009, 71(male/female:40/31) patients with chondrosarcoma, not suited for resection, received carbon ion radiotherapy. Ages ranged from 17 to 82 (median 56 years). Fifty seven patients had primary disease presentation and 14 patients with recurrent disease after surgery. Histologic grade were as follows: grade 1 in 6, grade 2 in 40, grade 3 in 7, dedifferentiated in 3, mesenchymal in 5 patients, and 10 in not specified their grade. There were 51 pelvic (36 iliac, 13 sacral, and 2 pubic) lesions, 6 thoracic spine, 5 lumber, 5 rib, 4 cervical, 1 scapula, 1 femur, and 1 fibula. Carbon ion radiotherapy was delivered in 16 fractions over 4 weeks. Total doses: 57.6 GyE (3.6 GyE / Fr) in 2, 64.0 GyE (4.0 GyE / Fr) in 7, 70.4 GyE (4.4 GyE / Fr) in 62, and.73.6 GyE (4.6 GyE / Fr) in 3 patients. Clinical target volumes ranged between 25 and 2900 cm3 (median 488 cm3). 
Results: Median follow up time was 34 (range: 3-117) months for all patients and all living patients were followed more than 6 months. At 5 years, actuarial overall local control rate and overall survival rate were 60% and 60%, respectively. Four patients experienced grade 3 and/or 4 skin/soft tissue late reactions in this series. Conclusions: Carbon ion radiotherapy is suggested to be an effective and safe treatment for chondrosarcoma, especially for whom surgical resection is not a viable option, and it appears to represent a promising alternative to surgery., CTOS 16th Annual Meeting},
 title = {Carbon ion radiotherapy for chondrosarcoma},
 year = {2010}
}