@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00063998,
 author = {Tsuji, Hiroshi and Okada, Tohru and Kamada, Tadashi and Tsujii, Hirohiko and 辻 比呂志 and 岡田 徹 and 鎌田 正 and 辻井 博彦},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Purpose: An up-to-date analysis of the results of hypofractionated conformal carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for localized prostate cancer was performed to determine the normal tissue morbidity, biochemical relapse-free rate (bNED), and patient survival. 
Methods and Materials:  Nine hundred and three prostate cancer patients who received the C-ion RT that had been established by two prior dose-escalation studies were analyzed with regard to toxicity, survival, and bNED. 
Results: Only 1 out of 818 patients followed up for at least 12 months developed grade 3 genitourinary toxicity, and no grade 3 or higher toxicities were observed in the rectum. The incidence of grade 2 rectum and GU morbidity were only 2.0% and 5.6%, respectively. The incidence of late toxicity in the patients treated with C-ion RT for 16 fractions was lower than that for patients who received 20 fractions. The overall bNED at 5 years was 90.9%, with only five local recurrences. The bNED of the 16-fraction C-ion RT was comparable to that of 20 fractions. The Gleason's score, T-stage, and initial PSA were significant prognostic factors for bNED, and the T-stage and initial PSA were also significant prognostic factors for the overall survival rate. C-ion RT with the established dose fractionation regimen yielded satisfactory bNED with very few local recurrences, and with minimal morbidity. Therefore, C-ion RT in 16 fractions could offer an even lower incidence of toxicities than 20 fractions, without any decrease in the biochemical control of the disease., The 4th Japanese-European Joint Symposium on Ion Cancer Therapy and KI-NIRS Joint Symposium on Ion-Radiation Sciences},
 title = {Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer},
 year = {2010}
}