@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00060743,
 author = {Maruyama, Kouichi and Yasumasu, Shigeki and Iuchi, Ichiro and Ishikawa, Yuuji and 丸山 耕一 and 安増 茂樹 and 石川 裕二},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {Hemoglobin in vertebrate erythrocytes consists of 2 α-and β-globins. It is well known that globins are switched from embryonic to adult type during development. The mechanism underlying the switching is not sufficiently understood, especially in teleost such as medaka. We determined the full-length structure of globin locus in the medaka. Two loci were identified: One locus consisted of 9 embryonic globin genes and mapped to linkage group (LG) 8, the other comprised 3 adult globin genes and mapped to LG 19. In the loci, 4 pairs of α and β genes were organized in head-to-head structure. Such genomic organization of globin genes of medaka differed from those reported in higher vertebrates such as mammals, chicken and an amphibian. The developmental expression paterns of 11 genes were classified into 4 types: 1) Embryo-specific expression, 2) Expression from embryo to young fish, 3) Expression from young fish to fully-grown adult, 4)Continuous expression from embryo to adult. In the 1-2Kb regions 5'-upstream to respective genes, hematopoietic transcription factor binding sites such as GATA-boxes were found. We fused each of these regions including probable minimum promoters with a reporter gene, introduced the fusion gene into embryos and established 4 types of medaka lines that stably express the reporter gene in erythroid cells. Each transgenic medaka expressed reporter genes in developmental stage specific manner of its downstream genes. Compared with locus control regions in mammals, in medaka a relatively shorter 5'-upstream cis-regulatory region of globin genes had the ability to promote or enhance the erythroid cell- and developmental stage-specific expression., 第２７回日本分子生物学会年会},
 title = {Analysisi of genomic organization, developmental expression and cis-regulatory regions of globin genes in medaka Oryzias latipes.},
 year = {2004}
}