@misc{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00060038,
 author = {Fuma, Shoichi and Ishii, Nobuyoshi and Tanaka, Nobuyuki and Takeda, Hiroshi and Miyamoto, Kiriko and Yanagisawa, Kei and Kawabata, Zenichiro and 府馬 正一 and 石井 伸昌 and 田中 伸幸 and 武田 洋 and 宮本 霧子 and 柳澤 啓},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {The purpose of this study was comparative evaluation of effects of ionizing radiation and other various toxic agents on aquatic microbial communities. For this purpose, the authors investigated effects of gamma-rays, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, acidification, aluminum, manganese, nickel, copper and gadolinium on the microcosm, i.e., the experimental model ecosystem consisting of flagellate algae Euglena gracilis as a producer, ciliate protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila as a consumer and bacteria Escherichia coli as a decomposer. 
Effects observed in the microcosm were not only direct effects but also indirect effects due to interactions among the constituting species or between organisms and toxic agents. It is therefore considered that this microcosm ecotoxicity test could evaluate community-level effects. 
The following dose-effect relationship was generally observed in the microcosm exposed to each toxic agent: (1) no effects; (2) recognizable effects, i.e., decrease or increase in the cell densities of at least one species; (3) severe effects, i.e., extinction of one or two species; and (4) destructive effects, i.e., extinction of all species. These results were analyzed using the ecological effect index (EEI), in which degrees of differences in the cell densities between exposed and control microcosm were represented by the Euclidean distance function. A 50 % effect dose for the microcosm (EDM50), at which the EEI became 50 %, was evaluated to be 530 Gy for gamma-rays, 2100 J/m2 for UV, 4100 micro M for manganese, 45  micro M for nickel, 110 micro M for copper and 250 micro M for gadolinium., International Symposium on Radioecology and Environmental Dosimetry},
 title = {ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION AND OTHER TOXIC AGENTS ON THE AQUATIC MICROCOSM},
 year = {2003}
}