@inproceedings{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00054422,
 author = {小藤, 昌志 and 長谷川, 安都佐 and 高木, 亮 and 伊川, 裕明 and 辻井, 博彦 and 鎌田, 正 and 小藤 昌志 and 長谷川 安都佐 and 高木 亮 and 伊川 裕明 and 辻井 博彦 and 鎌田 正},
 book = {NIRS＆MedAustron　Joint Symposium on Carbon Ion Radiotherapy},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {Abstract
Purpose: To estimate the toxicity and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy for skull base and upper cervical spine tumors.
Patients and Methods: A phase I dose escalation study for skull base and upper cervical spine tumors was initiated in April 1997. The patients were treated with 16 fractions over four weeks, with a total dose of 48.0, 52.8, 57.6, or 60.8 Gy equivalents (GyE). In April 2004, a phase II study was initiated with an irradiation schedule of 60.8 GyE in 16 fractions over four weeks. There were 84 patients included in the analysis. Histologically, 51 patients had chordoma, 15 chondrosarcoma, nine olfactory neuroblastoma, seven meningioma and two had other types. The patients were treated with a dose of 48.0 GyE (four patients), 52.8 GyE (six patients), 57.6 GyE (nine patients) or 60.8 GyE (65 patients).
Results: The follow-up periods ranged from four to 179 months, with a median period of 62 months. The five-year local control and overall survival rates for all patients were 86% and 85%, respectively. The five-year local control and overall survival rates for chordoma patients were 87% and 90%, respectively. At the time of the analysis, there was no evidence of any serious acute (Grade ≥ 4) reactions. Regarding late reactions, a grade 4 brain injury developed in one patient and a grade 4 optic nerve neuropathy developed in one patient.  
Conclusion: A carbon ion dose of 60.8 GyE in 16 fractions was effective and safe for the treatment of skull base and upper cervical spine tumors.},
 pages = {13--18},
 title = {Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Skull Base and Upper Cervical Spine Tumors},
 year = {2013}
}