@inproceedings{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00054264,
 author = {Yamada, Shigeru and Shinoto, Makoto and Yasuda, Shigeo and Imada, Hiroshi and Katou, Hirotoshi and Kamada, Tadashi and Tsujii, Hirohiko and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Baba, Masayuki and Mizoe, Junetsu and Yoshikawa, Kyosan and Kandatsu, Susumu and Ochiai, Takenori and 山田 滋 and 篠藤 誠 and 安田 茂雄 and 今田 浩史 and 加藤 博敏 and 鎌田 正 and 辻井 博彦 and 辻 比呂志 and 馬場 雅行 and 溝江 純悦 and 吉川 京燦 and 神立 進 and 落合 武徳},
 book = {NIRS-IMP Joint Symposium on Carbon Ion Therapy},
 issue = {225},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {Purpose: To evaluate the tolerance for and effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.
Patients and Methods: We conducted a phase I/II dose escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy. One hundred twelvw patients with 117 sites of locally recurrent cancer receiving carbon ion radiotherapy were analyzed. Fifty relapses originated in the presacral region, 38 in the pelvic sidewalls, 16 in the perineal region and 8 in the colorectal anastomosis. The total dose ranged from 67.2 to 73.6 gray equivalent (GyE) and was administered in 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks (4.2 to 4.6 GyE/fraction). 
Results: None of 90 patients treated with the highest total dose of 73.6 GyE experienced National Cancer Institute - Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 to 5 acute reactions. The local control rate in patients treated with 73.6 GyE in the present study was 94% at three years and 94% at 5 years. Dose escalation was then halted at this level. The median survival time in patients treated with 73.6 GyE was 54 months (range, 7 to 65 months), and the 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 72% at 3 years and 40% at 5 years, respectively.
Conclusion: Carbon ion radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective modality in the management of locally recurrent rectal cancer, providing good local control and offering a survival advantage without unacceptable morbidity.},
 pages = {51--58},
 publisher = {National Institute of Radiological Science},
 title = {Carbon Ion Therapy for Patients with Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer},
 volume = {NIRS-M},
 year = {2009}
}