@inproceedings{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00053942,
 author = {Miyamoto, Tadaaki and Baba, Masayuki and Yashiro, Tomoyasu and Sugane, Toshio and Nakajima, Mio and Tsujii, Hirohiko and 宮本 忠昭 and 馬場 雅行 and 矢代 智康 and 須金 紀雄 and 中嶋 美緒 and 辻井 博彦},
 book = {NIRS-CNAO Joint Symposium on Carbon Ion Radiotherapy},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {From 1994 to 1999, we conducted a phase I/II clinical trial for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using carbon ion beams alone, demonstrating optimal doses of 90 GyE in 18 fractions over 6 weeks and 72 GyE in 9 fractions over 3 weeks for achieving more than 95% local control with minimal pulmonary damage. In the present study, the total dose was fixed at 72 GyE in 9 fractions over 3 weeks, and at 52.8 GyE for stage IA and 60 GyE for stage 1B in 4 fractions over 1 week. Following this schedule, we conducted a phase II clinical trial for stage I NSCLC from 1999 to 2003. Most targets were irradiated from four oblique directions. A respiratory-gated irradiation system was used for all sessions. Local control and survival were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. For statistical testing, the long-rank test was used.
The local control rate for all patients was 91.5%, and those for T1 and T2 tumors were 96.3% and 84.7%, respectively. While there was significant difference (p=0.0156) in tumor control rate between T1 and T2, there was no significant difference (P=0.1516) between squamous and non-squamous. The five-year cause-specific survival rate was 67.0% (IA: 84.4, IB: 43.7), and overall survival was 45.3% (IA: 53.9, 1B: 34.2). No adverse effects greater than grade 3 occurred in the lung. Carbon beam radiotherapy, an excellent new modality in terms of high QOL and ADL, was proven to be a valid alternative to surgery for stage I cancer, especially for elderly and inoperable patients.},
 pages = {49--58},
 publisher = {National Institute of Radiological Sciences},
 title = {Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Hypofraction Regimen for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer},
 volume = {NIRS-M-194},
 year = {2006}
}