@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00049535,
 author = {Tagami, Keiko and Uchida, Shigeo and D. Wood, Michael and A. Beresford, Nicholoas and Tagami, Keiko and Uchida, Shigeo},
 journal = {Scientific Reports (Online Only URL:http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html)},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has proposed an environmental assessment framework. This includes ionising radiation exposure assessment for different frog life-stages, but radiocaesium transfer parameters are unavailable. Here we collate data from the Fukushima Prefecture, contaminated by the 2011 Fukushima accident.  Using these data we estimate radiocaesium concentration ratio (CRwo-water) values for tadpoles and adult frogs, presenting the largest available amphibian CRwo-water dataset. Our results suggest that equilibrium had been reached between water and amphibian radiocaesium activity concentrations circa one year after the accident. The transfer of radiocaesium to tadpoles was higher than to adult frogs, a finding that provides a useful input to the developing ICRP framework.  Dose rates were estimated for different life-stages and species in both the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Estimated dose rates to adults and tadpoles were typically similar. Frogspawn dose rates were estimated to be orders of magnitude lower than other life-stages. For the two sites assessed, which were outside of the most contaminated areas of the Fukushima Prefecture, estimated dose rates were below those anticipated to present a risk to wildlife populations; it is likely that dose rates in the more contaminated areas were in excess of some effects benchmark values.},
 title = {Radiocaesium transfer and radiation exposure of frogs in Fukushima Prefecture},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2018}
}