@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00049383,
 author = {Abe, Takanori and Ohno, Tatsuya and Koto, Masashi and Demizu, Yusuke and Suefuji, Hiroaki and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Okimoto, Tomoaki and Shioyama, Yoshiyuki and Jun-Ichi, Saitoh and Shirai, Katsuyuki and Nemoto, Kenji and Nakano, Takashi and Kamada, Tadashi and Japan, Carbon‐Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group and Koto, Masashi and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Kamada, Tadashi},
 issue = {12},
 journal = {Cancer medicine},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {BACKGROUND: 
This multi-institutional retrospective study focused on the clinical outcome of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for non-squamous cell malignant tumors of the nasopharynx.
METHODS: 
The Japan Carbon-ion Radiation Oncology Study Group collected and analyzed data for 43 patients with non-squamous cell malignant tumors of the nasopharynx treated with C-ion RT at four institutions in Japan.
RESULTS: 
Twenty-nine patients had adenoid cystic carcinomas, seven had malignant melanomas, three had adenocarcinomas, two had mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and two had other pathologies. Twenty-six of the 43 patients (61%) had T4 tumors. The most common dose-fractionation schedule was 64 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions. The median follow-up period was 30 months. The 2-year local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates were 88% and 84%, respectively. For late toxicity, one patient developed grade 4 optic nerve disorder and two developed grade 5 pharyngeal hemorrhage. Actual incidence of grade 3 or higher late adverse events was 19%, and included cranial nerve dysfunction, jaw bone necrosis, central nervous system necrosis, and ear inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS: 
C-ion RT provided good LC and OS rates with acceptable toxicity for treatment of non-squamous cell malignant tumors of the nasopharynx.},
 pages = {6077--6083},
 title = {A multi-institutional retrospective study of carbon-ion radiotherapy for non-squamous cell malignant tumors of the nasopharynx: Subanalysis of Japan Carbon-Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group study 1402 HN.},
 volume = {7},
 year = {2018}
}