@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00049373,
 author = {Kasuya, Goro and Ishikawa, Hitoshi and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Haruyama, Yasuo and Kobashi, Gen and Ebner, Daniel and Akakura, Kouichirou and Suzuki, Hiroyoshi and Tomohiko, Ichikawa and Shimazaki, Jun and Makishima, Hirokazu and Nomiya, Takuma and Kamada, Tadashi and Tsujii, Hirohiko and 粕谷 吾朗 and 石川 仁 and 辻 比呂志 and 春山 康夫 and 小橋 元 and エブナー ダニエル and 赤倉 功一郎 and 市川 智彦 and 島崎 淳 and 牧島 弘和 and 野宮 琢磨 and 鎌田 正 and 辻井 博彦},
 issue = {12},
 journal = {Cancer science},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {The treatment outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer (PC) after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) combined with long-term androgen deprivation therapy (LTADT) were analyzed, and compared with those of other treatment modalities, focusing on PC-specific mortality (PCSM). A total of 1247 patients were enrolled in three phase II clinical trials of fixed-dose CIRT between 2000 and 2013. Excluding patients with T4 disease, 608 patients with high- or very-high-risk PC, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network classification system, who received CIRT with LTADT were evaluated. The median follow-up was 88.4 months, and the 5-/10-year PCSM rates were 1.5%/4.3%, respectively. T3b disease, Gleason score of 9-10, and percentage of positive biopsy cores > 75% were associated with significantly higher PCSM on univariate and multivariate analyses. The 10-year PCSM rates of patients having all three (n=16), two (n=74), or one of these risk factors (n=217) were 27.1%, 11.6%, and 5.7%, respectively. Of the 301 patients with none of these factors, only 1 PCSM occurred over the 10-year follow-up (10-year PCSM rate, 0.3%), and significant differences were observed among the four stratified groups (p < 0.001). CIRT combined with LTADT yielded relatively favorable treatment outcomes in patients with high-risk PC and very favorable results in patients without any of the three abovementioned factors for PCSM. Because a significant difference in PCSM among the high-risk PC patient groups was observed, new categorization and treatment intensity adjustment may be required for high-risk PC patients treated with CIRT. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
 pages = {2422--2429},
 title = {Cancer-specific mortality of high-risk prostate cancer after carbon-ion radiotherapy plus long-term androgen deprivation therapy},
 volume = {108},
 year = {2017}
}