@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00048765,
 author = {Karube, Masataka and Yamamoto, Naoyoshi and Shioyama, Yoshiyuki and Saito, Junichi and Matsunobu, Akira and Okimoto, Tamaki and Ohno, Tatsuya and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Nakano, Takashi and Kamada, Tadashi and 軽部 雅崇 and 山本 直敬 and 辻 比呂志 and 鎌田 正},
 issue = {5},
 journal = {Journal of Radiation Research},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well
studied to date. This paper aimed to analyze a retrospective multicenter survey for detecting problems with the
use of CIRT for Stage II and III NSCLC (7th UICC TNM Staging System). Inclusion was restricted to patients
with Stage II and III NSCLC who received CIRT from November 2003 to December 2014. We gathered the
data from three CIRT operating centers on July 2015. Patients with radiotherapy history, patients with cancers
other than lung cancer, and those receiving palliative therapies were excluded. The patient characteristics, prescribed
dose/fraction, survival rates, and adverse effects were analyzed. The total number of patients was 64
(male: 49, female: 15). Of these, 53 patients were medically inoperable. The median age was 76 years (range
46–91), and the median follow-up period was 18.5 months (range 3.2–121.5). The clinical staging consisted of
10 Stage IIA, 30 Stage IIB, 23 Stage IIIA and 1 Stage IIIB. The median prescribed dose was 72.0 Gy (RBE)
(range 52.8–72.0) in 16 fractions (range 4–16). The 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control
rates were 62.2% [confidence interval (CI): 47.5–76.9], 42.3% (CI: 28.8–55.8) and 81.8% (CI: 69.9–94.0),
respectively. There were no higher than Grade 2 adverse effects observed. CIRT for inoperable Stage II and III
NSCLC could be implemented without severe adverse effects, but the clinical staging (including lymph node status)
was inhomogeneous. In addition, the prescribed dose and fractionation were not standardized. Further data accumulation
and a multiple centers prospective trial for evaluating clinical stage–based results are required.},
 pages = {761--764},
 title = {Carbon-ion radiotherapy for patients with advanced stage non-small-cell lung cancer at multicenters},
 volume = {58},
 year = {2018}
}