@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00048131,
 author = {Nomiya, Takuma and Tsuji, Hiroshi and Kawamura, Hidemasa and Ohno, Tatsuya and Toyama, Shingo and Shioyama, Yoshiyuki and Nakayama, Yuko and Nemoto, Kenji and Tsujii, Hirohiko and Kamada, Tadashi and 辻 比呂志 and 辻井 博彦 and 鎌田 正},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:  A multi-institutional observational study (J-CROS1501PR) has been carried out to analyze outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for patients with prostate cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:  Data of the patients enrolled in prospective studies of following 3 CIRT institutions were analyzed: National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS; Chiba, Japan), Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC; Gunma, Japan), and Ion Beam Therapy Center, SAGA HIMAT Foundation (HIMAT; Saga, Japan). Endpoints of the clinical trial are biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), local control rate (LCR), and acute/late adverse effects.
RESULTS:  A total of 2157 patients' data were collected from NIRS (n=1432), GHMC (n=515), and HIMAT (n=210). The number of patients in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups was 263 (12%), 679 (31%), and 1215 (56%), respectively. The five-year bRFS in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients was 92%, 89%, and 92%, respectively. The five-year CSS in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients was 100%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The incidence of grade 2 late GU/GI toxicities was 4.6% and 0.4%, respectively, and the incidence of ⩾G3 toxicities were 0%.
CONCLUSIONS:  Favorable overall outcomes of CIRT for prostate cancer were suggested by the analysis of the first multi-institutional data.},
 pages = {288--293},
 title = {A multi-institutional analysis of prospective studies of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A report from the Japan Carbon ion Radiation Oncology Study Group (J-CROS).},
 volume = {121},
 year = {2016}
}