@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00047657,
 author = {Moritake, Takashi and Fujita, Hidetoshi and Yanagisawa, Mitsuru and Nakawatari, Miyako and Imadome, Kaori and Nakamura, Etsuko and Iwakawa, Mayumi and Imai, Takashi and 盛武 敬 and 藤田 英俊 and 柳澤 充 and 中渡 美也子 and 今留 香織 and 中村 悦子 and 岩川 眞由美 and 今井 高志},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {PURPOSE: To examine whether inherent factors produce differences in lung morbidity in response to carbon ion (C-ion) irradiation, and to identify the molecules that have a key role in strain-dependent adverse effects in the lung.
\nMETHODS AND MATERIALS: Three strains of female mice (C3H/He Slc, C57BL/6J Jms Slc, and A/J Jms Slc) were locally irradiated in the thorax with either C-ion beams (290 MeV/n, in 6 cm spread-out Bragg peak) or with (137)Cs gamma-rays as a reference beam. We performed survival assays and histologic examination of the lung with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. In addition, we performed immunohistochemical staining for hyaluronic acid (HA), CD44, and Mac3 and assayed for gene expression.
\nRESULTS: The survival data in mice showed a between-strain variance after C-ion irradiation with 10 Gy. The median survival time of C3H/He was significantly shortened after C-ion irradiation at the higher dose of 12.5 Gy. Histologic examination revealed early-phase hemorrhagic pneumonitis in C3H/He and late-phase focal fibrotic lesions in C57BL/6J after C-ion irradiation with 10 Gy. Pleural effusion was apparent in C57BL/6J and A/J mice, 168 days after C-ion irradiation with 10 Gy. Microarray analysis of irradiated lung tissue in the three mouse strains identified differential expression changes in growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), which regulates macrophage function, and hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1), which plays a role in HA metabolism. Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of CD44-positive cells, a surrogate marker for HA accumulation, and Mac3-positive cells, a marker for macrophage infiltration in irradiated lung, varied significantly among the three mouse strains during the early phase.
\nCONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a strain-dependent differential response in mice to C-ion thoracic irradiation. Our findings identified candidate molecules that could be implicated in the between-strain variance to early hemorrhagic pneumonitis after C-ion irradiation.},
 pages = {e95--e102},
 title = {Strain-dependent Damage in Mouse Lung After Carbon Ion Irradiation},
 volume = {84},
 year = {2012}
}