@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00047311,
 author = {Araki, Ryoko and Uda, Masahiro and Hoki, Yuko and Sunayama, Misato and Nakamura, Miki and Ando, Shunsuke and Sugiura, Mayumi and Ideno, Hisashi and Shimada, Akemi and Nifuji, Akira and Abe, Masumi and 荒木 良子 and 宇田 昌広 and 藤森 ゆう子 and 砂山 美里 and 中村 美樹 and 杉浦 真由美 and 出野 尚 and 二藤 彰 and 安倍 真澄},
 issue = {7435},
 journal = {Nature},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {The advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) instead of embryonic stem (ES) cells in regenerative medicine centre around circumventing concerns about the ethics of using ES cells and the likelihood of immune rejection of ES-cell-derived tissues. However, partial reprogramming and genetic instabilities in iPSCs could elicit immune responses in transplant recipients even when iPSC-derived differentiated cells are transplanted. iPSCs are first differentiated into specific types of cells in vitro for subsequent transplantation. Although model transplantation experiments have been conducted using various iPSC-derived differentiated tissues and immune rejections have not been observed, careful investigation of the immunogenicity of iPSC-derived tissue is becoming increasingly critical, especially as this has not been the focus of most studies done so far. A recent study reported immunogenicity of iPSC- but not ES-cell-derived teratomas and implicated several causative genes. Nevertheless, some controversy has arisen regarding these findings. Here we examine the immunogenicity of differentiated skin and bone marrow tissues derived from mouse iPSCs. To ensure optimal comparison of iPSCs and ES cells, we established ten integration-free iPSC and seven ES-cell lines using an inbred mouse strain, C57BL/6. We observed no differences in the rate of success of transplantation when skin and bone marrow cells derived from iPSCs were compared with ES-cell-derived tissues. Moreover, we observed limited or no immune responses, including T-cell infiltration, for tissues derived from either iPSCs or ES cells, and no increase in the expression of the immunogenicity-causing Zg16 and Hormad1 genes in regressing skin and teratoma tissues. Our findings suggest limited immunogenicity of transplanted cells differentiated from iPSCs and ES cells.},
 title = {Negligible immunogenicity of terminally differentiated cells derived from induced pluripotent or embryonic stem cells.},
 volume = {494},
 year = {2013}
}