@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046955,
 author = {Nakajima, Nakako and Holly, Brunton and Watanabe, Ritsuko and Hirayama, Ryoichi and Matsufuji, Naruhiro and Fujimori, Akira and Murakami, Takeshi and Okayasu, Ryuichi and Jeggo, Penny and Shibata, Atsushi and et.al and 中島 菜花子 and Ｈｏｌｌｙ Ｂｒｕｎｔｏｎ and 平山 亮一 and 松藤 成弘 and 藤森 亮 and 村上 健 and 岡安 隆一 and 柴田 淳史},
 issue = {8},
 journal = {PLoS ONE (Online only:URL:http://www.plosone.org)},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {Heavy particle irradiation produces complex DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) which can arise from primary ionisation events within the particle trajectory. Additionally, secondary electrons, termed delta-electrons, which have a range of distributions can create low linear energy transfer (LET) damage within but also distant from the track. DNA damage by delta-electrons distant from the track has not previously been carefully characterised. Using imaging with deconvolution, we show that at 8 hours after exposure to Fe (~200 keV/um) ions, gH2AX foci forming at DSBs within the particle track are large and encompass multiple smaller and closely localised foci, which we designate as clustered gH2AX foci. These foci are repaired with slow kinetics by DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) in G1 phase with the magnitude of complexity diminishing with time. These clustered foci (containing 10 or more individual foci) represent a signature of DSBs caused by high LET heavy particle radiation. We also identified simple gH2AX foci distant from the track, which resemble those arising after X-ray exposure, which we attribute to low LET delta-electron induced DSBs. They are rapidly repaired by NHEJ. Clustered gH2AX foci induced by heavy particle radiation cause prolonged checkpoint arrest compared to simple gH2AX foci following X-irradiation. However, mitotic entry was observed when ~10 clustered foci remain. Thus, cells can progress into mitosis with multiple clusters of DSBs following the traversal of a heavy particle.},
 title = {Visualisation of gH2AX Foci Caused by Heavy Ion Particle Traversal; Distinction between Core Track versus Non- Track Damage},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2013}
}