@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046761,
 author = {Ohkubo, Yu and Iwakawa, Mayumi and Seino, Ken-ichiro and Nakawatari, Miyako and Wada, Haruka and Kamijuku, Hajime and Nakamura, Etsuko and Nakano, Takashi and Imai, Takashi and 大久保 悠 and 岩川 眞由美 and 清野 研一郎 and 中渡 美也子 and 中村 悦子 and 中野 隆史 and 今井 高志},
 issue = {5},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {Purpose: Our previous report indicated that carbon ion beam irradiation upregulated
immunogenic, underlining the potential clinical application of radioimmunotherapy. The antimetastatic efficacy of a local combination therapy of carbon-ion radiotherapy and immunotherapy was examined using in vivo murine model.
Methods and Materials: Tumors of the mouse squamous cell carcinoma (NR-S1) cells inoculated in the leg of C3H/HeMsNrs mice were locally irradiated with a single 6 Gy dosage of carbon ions (290 MeV/nucleon, 6 cm spread-out Bragg peak). Thirty-six hours after irradiation, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) were injected into the leg tumor. The effects on distant lung metastases were investigated using pathological observations and immunohistochemistry.
Results: The mice in the control group, which were not irradiated and not injected with alpha-GalCerpulsed DCs, had 168 +/- 53.8 metastatic nodules in their lungs at 2 weeks. The lung metastases were significantly decreased in the mouse which received the combination therapy, and the mean number of lung metastatic nodules was 2.6 +/- 1.9 (P = 0.009). In addition, the size of each lung metastasis was significantly decreased in compared to the control group (P = 0.009). Immunohistochemistry showed that ICAM-1, which activates DCs, was highly expressed on the local tumors of the carbon ionirradiated group. The expression of S100A8 in lung tissue, a marker of the lung pre-metastatic phase, was decreased in the combination therapy group.
Conclusion: The combination of carbon ion radiotherapy with the injection of alpha-GalCer-pulsed DCs into the primary tumors significantly decreased the number of lung metastases.},
 pages = {1524--1531},
 title = {Combining Carbon ion Radiotherapy and Local Injection of Alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed Dendritic Cells Inhibits Lung Metastases in an in vivo Murine Model},
 volume = {78},
 year = {2010}
}