@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046633,
 author = {Latessa, Chiara and Berger, Thomas and Kaderka, Robert and Matsufuji, Naruhiro and Reitz, Gunther and Durante, Marco and et.al and Ｌａｔｅｓｓａ Ｃｈｉａｒａ and Ｋａｄｅｒｋａ Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ and 松藤 成弘},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},
 month = {May},
 note = {Background and purpose: Characterization of the out-of-field dose profile following irradiation of the target with a 3D treatment plan delivered with modern techniques.
Methods: An anthropomorphic RANDO phantom was irradiated with a treatment plan designed for a simulated 5x2x5 cm3
tumor volume located in the center of the head. The experiment was repeated with
all most common radiation treatment types (photons, protons and carbon ions) and delivery techniques
(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, passive modulation and spot scanning). The measurements
were performed with active diamond detector and passive thermoluminescence (TLD) detectors to investigate the out-of-field dose both inside and outside the phantom.
Results: The highest out-of-field dose values both on the surface and inside the phantom were measured
during the treatment with 25 MV photons. In the proximity of the Planned Target Volume (PTV), the lowest lateral dose profile was observed for passively modulated protons mainly because of the presence of
the collimator in combination with the chosen volume shape. In the far out-of-field region (above
100 mm from the PTV), passively modulated ions were characterized by a less pronounced dose falloff in comparison with scanned beams. Overall, the treatment with scanned carbon ions delivered the
lowest dose outside the target volume.
Conclusions: For the selected PTV, the use of the collimator in proton therapy drastically reduced the dose
deposited by ions or photons nearby the tumor. Scanning modulation represents the optimal technique
for achieving the highest dose reduction far-out-of-field.},
 pages = {133--138},
 title = {Out-of-field dose studies with an anthropomorphic phantom: comparison of X-rays and particle therapy treatments},
 volume = {105},
 year = {2012}
}