@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046370,
 author = {Akutsu, Yasunori and Yasuda, Shigeo and Nagata, Matsuo and Izumi, Yousuke and Okazumi, Shin-ichi and Shimada, Hideaki and Nakatani, Yukio and Tsujii, Hirohiko and Kamada, Tadashi and Yamada, Shigeru and Matsubara, Hisahiro and 阿久津 泰典 and 安田 茂雄 and 永田 松夫 and 出江 洋介 and 岡住 慎一 and 島田 英昭 and 中谷 行雄 and 辻井 博彦 and 鎌田 正 and 山田 滋 and 松原 久裕},
 issue = {8},
 journal = {Journal of Surgical Oncology},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {BACKGROUND: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIR) has been under development. We report the results of a phase I/II clinical trial of preoperative CIR for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS: Thirty-one thoracic ESCC patients were enrolled. They were first treated with CIR. The radiation dose was escalated from the initial dose of 28.8 GyE up to 36.8. Four to 8 weeks after CIR followed by clinical evaluation of the therapy, surgery was performed. Thereafter, a pathological evaluation was made.
RESULTS: Acute toxicity was not seen except in one case (3.2%), and there were no late toxicities. Throughout the study period, there were no cases of withdrawal due to the effects of preoperative CIR. Twelve out of 31 (38.7%) patients achieved a clinical complete response (CR) and 13 patients (41.9%) achieved a partial response. Twelve out of 31 patients (38.7%) achieved a pathological CR. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in the stage I cases were 91%, 81%, and 61%, and was 100%, 85%, and 77% for the stage II, and 71%, 43%, and 29% for the stage III cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: CIR showed strong local tumor control and is highly effective as a neoadjuvant therapy without severe adverse events.},
 pages = {750--755},
 title = {A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Preoperative Short-Course Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus},
 volume = {105},
 year = {2011}
}