@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046236,
 author = {Maruyama, Kouichi and Bing, Wang and Ishikawa, Yuji and Yasumasu, Shigeki and Iuchi, Ichiro and Kouichi, Maruyama and Bing, Wang and Yuuji, Ishikawa and Shigeki, Yasumasu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Gene},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Hemoglobin of bony fish and higher vertebrates is a tetrameric protein
constructed by 2 a- and 2 b-globins, which are expressed in a developmental
stage-specific manner. The genomic organization of genes for embryonic and
adult a- and b-globin varies from species to species. In fish, it is known that there
is a unique genomic organization of globin genes, that is, a- and b-globin genes
are arranged in a bi-directional and head-to-head orientation with respect to
transcription start sites. In medaka, we have demonstrated that 14 globin genes
are located in 2 different clusters, and 5 pairs of the a- and b-globin genes were
found to be organized in a head-to-head orientation. The developmental
expression patterns of the 11 globin genes were classified into 4 types. To clarify
how their developmental stage-specific expressions are regulated, we produced
4 types of GFP- or RFP-transgenic medaka. Such transgenic medaka revealed
that each of the 1-1.7 kbp 5 upstream sequences from respective globin genes
possesses the ability to regulate the developmental stage-specific globin gene
expression. In particular, the intervals between head-to-head a3 and b3, and a4
and b4 genes controlled the synchronized expression of the globin genes
located at both sides of the intervals, which is significant to understand the
mechanism by which equal amounts of a- and b-globins are expressed in
erythroid cells. We also demonstrated that the head-to-head intervals can
control the expression of the globin genes located at both sides. These findings
are significant to understand the mechanism by which a- and b-globins are
equally expressed in erythroid cells.},
 pages = {212--219},
 title = {1 kbp 5' upstream sequence enables developmental stage-specific expressions of globin genes in the fish, medaka Oryzias latipes.},
 volume = {492},
 year = {2012}
}