@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00046197,
 author = {Odaka, Kenichi and Aoki, Ichio and Moriya, Junji and Tateno, Kaoru and Tadokoro, Hiroyuki and Kershaw, Jeffrey and Minamino, Tohru and Irie, Toshiaki and Fukumura, Toshimitsu and Komuro, Issei and Saga, Tsuneo and 小高 謙一 and 青木 伊知男 and 森谷 純治 and 舘野 馨 and 田所 裕之 and Ｋｅｒｓｈａｗ Ｊｅｆｆｒｅｙ and 入江 俊章 and 福村 利光 and 佐賀 恒夫},
 issue = {10},
 journal = {PLoS ONE (Online only:URL:http://www.plosone.org)},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {Background: Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) has previously been tested as a method to induce therapeutic angiogenesis to treat limb ischemia in clinical trials. Non-invasive high resolution imaging is required to track the cells and
evaluate clinical relevance after cell transplantation. The hypothesis that MRI can provide in vivo detection and long-term observation of MNCs labeled with manganese contrast-agent was investigated in ischemic rat legs.
Methods and Findings: The Mn-labeled MNCs were evaluated using 7-tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intramuscular transplanted Mn-labeled MNCs were visualized with MRI for at least 7 and up to 21 days after transplantation in the ischemic leg. The distribution of Mn-labeled MNCs was similar to that of 111In-labeled MNCs measured with singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) and DiI-dyed MNCs with fluorescence microscopy. In addition, at 1–2 days after transplantation the volume of the site injected with intact Mn-labeled MNCs was significantly larger than that injected with dead MNCs, although the dead Mn-labeled MNCs were also found for approximately 2 weeks in the ischemic legs. The
area covered by CD31-positive cells (as a marker of capillary endothelial cells) in the intact Mn-MNCs implanted site at 43 days was significantly larger than that at a site implanted with dead Mn-MNCs.
Conclusions: The present Mn-enhanced MRI method enabled visualization of the transplanted area with a 150–175 mm inplane spatial resolution and allowed the migration of labeled-MNCs to be observed for long periods in the same subject.
After further optimization, MRI-based Mn-enhanced cell-tracking could be a useful technique for evaluation of cell therapy both in research and clinical applications.},
 pages = {e25487--e25487},
 title = {In vivo tracking of transplanted mononuclear cells using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)},
 volume = {6},
 year = {2011}
}