@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00045710,
 author = {Otsuka, Tatsui and Ito, Hiroshi and Halldin, Christer and Takahashi, Hidehiko and Takano, Harumasa and Arakawa, Ryosuke and Okumura, Masaki and Kodaka, Fumitoshi and Miyoshi, Michie and Sekine, Mizuho and Seki, Chie and Nakao, Ryuji and Suzuki, Kazutoshi and Suhara, Tetsuya and Farde, Lars and et.al and 大塚 達以 and 伊藤 浩 and ハルディン クリスタ and 高橋 英彦 and 高野 晴成 and 荒川 亮介 and 奥村 正紀 and 小高 文聰 and 三好 美智恵 and 関根 瑞保 and 関 千江 and 鈴木 和年 and 須原 哲也},
 issue = {5},
 journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {It has been demonstrated in vitro that the dopamine D2 receptor has 2 interconvertible affinity states for endogenous dopamine, referred to as the high- and the low-affinity states. (11)C-(R)-2-CH3O-N-n-propylnorapomorphine ((11)C-MNPA) is a new agonist radioligand for in vivo imaging of the high-affinity state of dopamine D2 receptors using PET. In the present study, the kinetics of (11)C-MNPA were examined for the first time, to our knowledge, in the human brain and analyzed using quantitative approaches with or without an arterial input function. METHODS: A 90-min dynamic PET scan was obtained for 10 healthy men after an intravenous injection of (11)C-MNPA. The binding potential (BPND) was calculated using the indirect kinetic method, a kinetic compartment analysis with a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. BPND was also calculated by the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and transient equilibrium methods, both with the cerebellum as the reference brain region. The results of the quantitative methods were compared in a cross-validation approach. RESULTS: The highest regional radioactivity was observed in the putamen. BPND values obtained by kinetic analysis were 0.82 +/- 0.09, 0.59 +/- 0.11, and 0.28 +/- 0.06, respectively, in the putamen, caudate, and thalamus. BPND values obtained by the SRTM and transient equilibrium methods were in good agreement with those obtained by the indirect kinetic method (r = 0.98 and r = 0.93, respectively). For all quantification methods, the BPND values based on data acquired from 0 to 60 min were in good agreement with those based on data acquired from 0 to 90 min (r = 0.90-0.99). CONCLUSION: The regional distribution of (11)C-MNPA binding was in good agreement with previous PET studies of dopamine D2 receptors in the human brain using antagonist radioligands. The results support routine use of the SRTM and transient equilibrium methods, that is, methods that do not require an arterial input function and need a scan time of only about 60 min. (11)C-MNPA should thus be useful for clinical research on the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and estimation of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by dopaminergic drugs.},
 pages = {703--710},
 title = {Quantitative PET Analysis of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist Radioligand 11C-(R)-2-CH3O-N-n-Propylnorapomorphine in the Human Brain},
 volume = {50},
 year = {2009}
}