@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00045454,
 author = {Tomiyasu, Moyoko and Obata, Takayuki and Nishi, Yukio and Nakamoto, Hiromitsu and Nonaka, Hiroi and Takayama, Yukihisa and Joonas, Autio and Ikehira, Hiroo and Kanno, Iwao and 富安 もよこ and 小畠 隆行 and 西 幸雄 and 中本 泰充 and 野中 博意 and 高山 幸久 and ヨーナス オーティオ and 池平 博夫 and 菅野 巖},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {European Journal of Radiology},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {To investigate the relationship between liver glucose, glycogen, and plasma glucose in diabetic patients, in vivo liver carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C MRS) with a clinical 3.0 T MR system was performed. Subjects were healthy male volunteers (n=5) and male type-2 diabetic patients (n=5). Pre- and during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), 13C MR spectra without proton decoupling were acquired in a monitoring period of over six hours, and in total seven spectra were obtained from each subject. For OGTT, 75 g of glucose, including 5 g of [1-13C]glucose, was administered. 
The MR signals of liver [1-13C]glucose and glycogen were detected and their time-course changes were assessed in comparison with the plasma data obtained at screening. The correlations between the fasting plasma glucose level and liver glycogen/glucose rate (Spearman: p=-0.68, p<0.05, n=10) and the fasting plasma glucose level and liver glycogen peak/fasting rate (Spearman: p=-0.67, p<0.05, n=10) indicated that 13C MRS can perform noninvasive measurement of glycogen storage/degradation ability in the liver individually and can assist in tailor-made therapy for diabetes. 
In conclusion, 13C MRS has a potential to become a powerful tool in diagnosing diabetes multilaterally.},
 pages = {300--304},
 title = {Monitoring of liver glycogen synthesis in diabetic patients using carbon-13 MR spectroscopy},
 volume = {73},
 year = {2008}
}