@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00044404,
 author = {Nagatsuka, Shin-ichiro and Fukushi, Kiyoshi and Shinotoh, Hitoshi and Namba, Hiroki and Iyo, Masaomi and Tanaka, Noriko and Aotsuka, Akiyo and Ota, Tsuneyoshi and Tanada, Shuji and Irie, Toshiaki and 長塚 伸一郎 and 福士 清 and 篠遠 仁 and 難波 宏樹 and 田中 典子 and 青墳 章代 and 黄田 常嘉 and 棚田 修二 and 入江 俊章},
 journal = {Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism},
 month = {},
 note = {N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate([11C]MP4A) is an acetylcholine analog. It has been used successfully for the quantitative measurement of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity in the human brain with positron emission tomography(PET). [11C]MP4A is specifically hydrolyzed by AChE in the brain to a hydrophilic metabolite,which is irreversibly trapped locally in the brain. The authors propose a new method of kinetic analysis of brain AChE activity by PET without arterial blood sampling,that is reference tissue-based ;omear ;east squares(RLS) analysis. In this method, cerebellum or striatum is used as a reference tissue. These regions, because of their high AChE activity, act as a biologic integrator of plasma input function during PET scanning, when regional metabolic rates of [11C] MP4A through AChE(k3,an AChE index) are calculated by using Blomqvist s linear least squares analysis. Computer simulation studies showed that RLS analysis yielded k3 with almost the same accuracy as the standard nonlinear least squares(NLS) analysis in brain regions with low (such as neocortex and hippocampus) and monderately high (thalamus) k3 vallues. The authors then applied these methods to [11C]MP4A PET data in 12 healthy subjects and 26patients with Alzheimer disease(AD) using the cerebellum as the reference region. There was a highly significant linear correlation in regional k3 estimates between RLS and NLS analysis (456 cerebral regions,[RLS k3]=0.98x[NLS ks],gamma=0.92,P<0.001). Significant reductions were observed in k3 estimates of frontal,temporal,parietal,occipital,and sensorimotor cerebral neocortics (P<0.001,single-tailed t-test),and hippocampus(P=0.012) in patients with AD as compared with controls when using RLS analysis. Mean reductions (19.6 )in these 6 regions by RLS were almost the same as those by NLS analysis (20.5 ). The sensitivity of RLS analysis for detecting cortical regions with abnormally low k3 in the 26 patients with AD(138 of 312 regions,44 ) was somewhat less than NLS analysis (52 ),But was greater than shape analysis (33 ),another method of [11C]MP4A kinetic analysis without blood sampling. The authors conclude that RLS analysis is practical and useful for routine analysis of clinical {11C]MP4A studies.},
 pages = {1354--1366},
 title = {Kinetic Analysis of [11C] MP4A Using a High-Radioactivity Brain Region That Represents an Integrated Input Function for Measurement of Cerebral Acetylcholinesterase Activity Without Arterial Blood Sampling},
 volume = {21},
 year = {2001}
}