@article{oai:repo.qst.go.jp:00044369,
 author = {Fujimori, Akira and Okayasu, Ryuichi and Ishihara, Hiroshi and Yoshida, Satoshi and Eguchi-Kasai, Kiyomi and Nojima, Kumie and Ebisawa, Satoru and Takahashi, Sentaro and 藤森 亮 and 岡安 隆一 and 石原 弘 and 吉田 聡 and 笠井 清美 and 野島 久美恵 and 海老澤 悟 and 高橋 千太郎},
 issue = {22},
 journal = {Cancer Research},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Although the public today could be exposed to X-rays as high as 1 cGy due to diagnostic procedures, the biological effects of this low dose range have not been well-established. We searched through more than 23,000 transcripts in normal human fibroblasts, HFLIII, using a novel comprehensive expression analysis method. More than two hundred genes were upregulated transiently by 1 cGy of X-rays during the one hour period after irradiation. We determined the nucleotide sequence of ten upregulated transcripts with the greatest rate of increase in the irradiated HFLIII cells. Three out of the ten transcripts encoded CXC chemokines (CXCL 1, CXCL2 and CXCL6). The rest included the transcripts of other secretory products (SCG2, THSD2, AREG, IL6) and unknown genes. In order to test the involvement of CXC chemokines in cells irradiated with low doses, we irradiated HFL III cells with 1-20 cGy X-rays, and transferred the media from HFL III culture to two melanoma cell lines characteristic of excessive numbers of the CXC chemokine-specific receptors. The growth of these melanoma lines were significantly stimulated by the medium from HFL III irradiated at 1-5 cGy. Our results indicate that human cells respond to doses of radiation as low as 1 cGy, and mechanisms alternative to those involved in moderate/high dose studies have to be considered in understanding the biological effects of diagnostic level radiation. In addition, our comprehensive approach using a novel expression profiling method is a powerful strategy to explore biological functions associated with very low levels of toxic agents.},
 pages = {10159--10163},
 title = {Extremely Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Up-regulates CXC Chemokines in Normal Human Fibroblasts},
 volume = {65},
 year = {2005}
}