量研学術機関リポジトリ「QST-Repository」は、国立研究開発法人 量子科学技術研究開発機構に所属する職員等が生み出した学術成果（学会誌発表論文、学会発表、研究開発報告書、特許等）を集積しインターネット上で広く公開するサービスです。 Welcome to QST-Repository where we accumulates and discloses the academic research results(Journal Publications, Conference presentation, Research and Development Report, Patent, etc.) of the members of National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of [11C]4DST uptake in patients with lung nodules, including benign and malignant tumors, and to assess the correlation between [11C]4DST uptake and proliferative activity of tumors in comparison with [18F]FDG uptake.
Methods: Twenty-six patients (22 males and 4 females, mean age of 65.5-year-old) were analyzed in this prospective study. Patients underwent [11C]4DST and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging on the same day. Diagnosis of each lung nodule was confirmed by histopathological examination of tissue specimens at surgery, or during clinical follow-up after the PET/CT studies. To assess the utility of the semi-quantitative evaluation method, the SUVmax was calculated of [11C]4DST and [18F]FDG uptake by the lesion. Proliferative activities of each tumor as indicated by the immunohistochemical Ki-67 index was also estimated using surgical specimens of patients. Then the relationship between the SUVmax of both PET/CT and the Ki-67 index was examined. Furthermore, the relationship between the uptake of [11C]4DST or [18F]FDG and the histopathological findings, the clinical stage, and the clinical outcome of patients were also assessed.
Results: There was a positive linear relationship between the SUVmax of [11C]4DST images and the Ki-67 index (Correlation coefficients = 0.68). The SUVmax of [11C]4DST in the 26 lung nodules were 1.65 ± 0.40 for benign lesions, 3.09 ± 0.83 for adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001 between benign and adenocarcinoma), and 2.92 ± 0.58 for SqCCs (P < 0.001 between benign and SqCC). Whereas, the SUVmax of [18F]FDG were 2.38 ± 2.27 for benign lesions, 6.63 ± 4.24 for adenocarcinomas (n.s.), and 7.52 ± 2.84 for SqCCs (n.s.). The relationship between TNM tumor stage and the SUVmax of [11C]4DST were 2.54 ± 0.37 for T1, 3.48 ± 0.57 for T2, and 4.17 ± 0.72 for T3 (P < 0.005 between T1 and T2, and P < 0.001 between T1 and T3). In comparison with the TNM pathological stage, SUVmax of [11C]4DST were 2.63 ± 0.49 for stage I, 3.36 ± 0.23 for stage II, 3.40 ± 1.12 for stage III, and 4.65 for stage IV (P < 0.05 between stages I and II). In comparison of the clinical outcome, the SUVmax of [11C]4DST were 2.72 ± 0.56 for the no recurrence (No Rec.) group, 3.10 ± 0.33 for the recurrence-free with adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery (the No Rec. Adjv. CTx. group) and 4.66 ± 0.02 for the recurrence group (Rec. group) (P < 0.001 between the No Rec and Rec. groups, and P < 0.005 between the No Rec. Adjv. CTx. and Rec. groups).
Conclusions: PET/CT with [11C]4DST is as feasible for imaging of lung tumors as [18F]FDG PET/CT. For diagnosing lung tumors, [11C]4DST PET is useful in distinguishing benign nodules from malignancies. [11C]4DST uptake in lung carcinomas is correlated with the proliferative activity of tumors, indicating a promising noninvasive PET imaging of DNA synthesis in malignant lung tumors.
Clinical value of PET/CT with carbon-11 4DST in the evaluation of malignant and benign lung tumors.
